World of Atoms

Software ate the world. Now it's time to rebuild it.

For two decades, the best engineers built apps. Now they're building rockets, robots, and reactors. Hardware is having a moment—manufacturing is being reinvented, supply chains are being rebuilt, and deep tech is finally investable. We're looking for problems that require moving atoms, not just bits.

What we're looking for:

  • Advanced manufacturing and automation
  • Robotics for real-world applications
  • Hardware that enables new categories
  • Defense and aerospace innovation

Problems in World of Atoms

28 problems

Featured sourced problems

The Developer Tools Stack for Robotics

·2w ago·@ycombinator

Physical robots are advancing rapidly, but the software is stuck in the 1990s. Robotics needs its 'web development moment'—intuitive tools that let developers build for robots as easily as they build for the browser. Create the React, Vercel, and GitHub for physical automation.

67
43
27

Many, Many, Materials

·6w ago·@conviction

Novel material proposal was traditionally bespoke with limited access to computational design capability. Build autonomous lab systems proposing and synthesizing novel compounds for diverse industrial applications.

50
24
26

Software-Defined Metal Mills

·6d ago·@ycombinator

American metal mills have 8-30 week lead times because they optimize for tonnage, not speed. Modern software and automation can cut lead times to days while improving margins. Build the manufacturing stack that brings metal production into the 21st century.

25
15
13

Understanding and Generating the (3D) World

·6w ago·@conviction

Generated 3D models lack precision needed for manufacturing and construction applications. Combine generative models with validation and simulation for production-ready 3D assets.

26
12
14

The New Datacenter

·6w ago·@conviction

Nvidia dominance in AI chip market limits competition and supply options. Build alternative chip solutions including TPUs, reconfigurable architectures, and latency-optimized inference hardware.

24
11
13

Capture the $180B 3D Printing Market by 2030

·55w ago·@ARK Invest

3D printing projected to grow at ~40% annually, reaching $180B by 2030. Manufacturers are bringing production in-house. Build the additive manufacturing future.

21
10
13

Build Humanoid Robots Approaching Labor Cost Parity

·55w ago·@ARK Invest

Industrial robotics expected to grow at 25% CAGR through 2030. AI humanoid robots approaching cost parity with human labor. Global robotics revenue opportunity exceeds $26T.

19
9
12

Build Autonomous Logistics That Cut Costs 50%

·55w ago·@ARK Invest

Self-driving trucks show 40% reductions in fuel costs and delivery times. Autonomous delivery could cut last-mile costs 50% by 2030. Build the future of freight.

17
8
11

Vertical Robotics: Data In, Work Out

·6w ago·@conviction

Healthcare faces repetitive, time-sensitive supply and sample movement between departments. Deploy robots that generate revenue while collecting deployment data for continuous improvement.

14
6
8

Build and Operate Robotaxi Fleets at $0.25/Mile

·55w ago·@ARK Invest

Robotaxi cost per mile expected to drop below $0.25 by 2030. The global market could reach $10 trillion. Build the autonomous mobility platform.

15
7
10

Build Observability for the Physical World

·60w ago·@Pathlight Ventures

Create monitoring and observability platforms for physical operations—facilities, supply chains, equipment—matching what we have for software systems.

8
3
5

Community submissions

Software-Defined Metal Mills

·6d ago·@Y Combinator

American metal mills have 8-30 week lead times because they optimize for tonnage, not speed. Modern software and automation can cut lead times to days while improving margins. Build the manufacturing stack that brings metal production into the 21st century.

25
15
13

The Developer Tools Stack for Robotics

·2w ago·@Y Combinator

Physical robots are advancing rapidly, but the software is stuck in the 1990s. Robotics needs its 'web development moment'—intuitive tools that let developers build for robots as easily as they build for the browser. Create the React, Vercel, and GitHub for physical automation.

67
43
27

Vertical Robotics: Data In, Work Out

·6w ago·@Conviction

Healthcare faces repetitive, time-sensitive supply and sample movement between departments. Deploy robots that generate revenue while collecting deployment data for continuous improvement.

14
6
8

The New Datacenter

·6w ago·@Conviction

Nvidia dominance in AI chip market limits competition and supply options. Build alternative chip solutions including TPUs, reconfigurable architectures, and latency-optimized inference hardware.

24
11
13

Understanding and Generating the (3D) World

·6w ago·@Conviction

Generated 3D models lack precision needed for manufacturing and construction applications. Combine generative models with validation and simulation for production-ready 3D assets.

26
12
14

Many, Many, Materials

·6w ago·@Conviction

Novel material proposal was traditionally bespoke with limited access to computational design capability. Build autonomous lab systems proposing and synthesizing novel compounds for diverse industrial applications.

50
24
26

Build and Operate Robotaxi Fleets at $0.25/Mile

·55w ago·@ARK Invest

Robotaxi cost per mile expected to drop below $0.25 by 2030. The global market could reach $10 trillion. Build the autonomous mobility platform.

15
7
10

Build Autonomous Logistics That Cut Costs 50%

·55w ago·@ARK Invest

Self-driving trucks show 40% reductions in fuel costs and delivery times. Autonomous delivery could cut last-mile costs 50% by 2030. Build the future of freight.

17
8
11

Build Humanoid Robots Approaching Labor Cost Parity

·55w ago·@ARK Invest

Industrial robotics expected to grow at 25% CAGR through 2030. AI humanoid robots approaching cost parity with human labor. Global robotics revenue opportunity exceeds $26T.

19
9
12

Capture the $180B 3D Printing Market by 2030

·55w ago·@ARK Invest

3D printing projected to grow at ~40% annually, reaching $180B by 2030. Manufacturers are bringing production in-house. Build the additive manufacturing future.

21
10
13

Build Observability for the Physical World

·60w ago·@Pathlight Ventures

Create monitoring and observability platforms for physical operations—facilities, supply chains, equipment—matching what we have for software systems.

8
3
5

We're Running Out of Sand and Nobody Notices

·1w ago·@Reddit Community

Sand is the most consumed natural resource after water. Construction-grade sand is being depleted faster than it regenerates, with illegal sand mining creating environmental devastation and organized crime.

0
0
0

Aging Infrastructure Is America's .6 Trillion Silent Emergency

·1w ago·@Reddit Community

The American Society of Civil Engineers gives US infrastructure a C- grade. 43% of public roads are in poor or mediocre condition. 7,500 bridges are structurally deficient.

0
0
0

The Construction Industry Hasn't Had a Productivity Gain in 80 Years

·1w ago·@Reddit Community

Manufacturing productivity has grown 760% since 1945. Construction productivity has actually declined. We build things the same way we did in the 1940s.

0
0
0

We Have No Idea What's in Our Food Supply Chain

·1w ago·@Reddit Community

Food fraud costs the global industry B+ annually. From olive oil diluted with cheaper oils to honey adulterated with corn syrup.

0
0
0

The Semiconductor Supply Chain Is a Single Point of Global Failure

·1w ago·@Reddit Community

TSMC in Taiwan produces 90% of the world's most advanced chips. A single earthquake, drought, or geopolitical event could paralyze the entire global technology industry overnight.

0
0
0

The Power Grid Cannot Handle AI and Renewable Energy Demand

·1w ago·@Reddit Community

US electricity demand is projected to increase 30%+ over the next decade due to AI data centers, EVs, and electrification.

0
0
0

Explore Other Categories

Moonshots

The problems that define the next century

Some problems are so large that solving them changes everything. Fusion energy. Brain-computer interfaces. Reversing aging. These aren't incremental improvements—they're civilizational shifts. We're looking for the technical breakthroughs and bold bets that seem impossible until they're inevitable.

Niche Markets

Small markets that desperately need a champion

The best businesses often start in markets that look too small. Vertical SaaS for dry cleaners. Tools for independent truckers. Software for yacht brokers. These niches are ignored by big companies but represent real pain for real people. Dominate a niche, then expand.

Future of Work

Reinventing how 4 billion people spend their days

Work is being rebuilt from scratch. Remote collaboration. AI-augmented productivity. The death of the 9-to-5. The rise of the portfolio career. The companies that define how we work in 2035 are being built now. We're looking for the tools, platforms, and systems that will shape the next era of human productivity.

Creator Economy

Powering the next generation of independent creators

50 million people now consider themselves creators. Most make less than $500/year. The infrastructure is broken—discovery is algorithmic roulette, monetization favors platforms over people, and burnout is the norm. We need better tools for creators to build sustainable businesses around their work.

Longevity

Adding decades to the human healthspan

The science of aging is accelerating. Senolytics. Gene therapy. Epigenetic reprogramming. For the first time, extending healthy human lifespan is a serious engineering challenge, not science fiction. The companies solving these problems won't just build billion-dollar businesses—they'll change what it means to be human.

Rebuild Money

Fixing the infrastructure of global finance

Financial infrastructure was built for a different era. Cross-border payments take days. 2 billion people are unbanked. Small businesses can't access capital. Crypto promised a revolution but mostly delivered speculation. We're looking for practical solutions that make money work better for everyone.